Water is a nutrientof extreme importance for animals and must be considered vital in any rearingphase. The increasing scarcity of this precious natural resource has concerneddifferent segments of society in order to find solutions for rational and sustainableuse of this nutrient. Small ruminants, especially sheep and goats, have socialand economic importance due to their great ability in adapting to adverse environmentalconditions and using water efficiently. Thus, they might be a good alternativeto mitigate the climate change effects and to generate foreign exchange andimproving life condition in many places of the world. The concept of water productivityfor livestock production is relatively new and there are few studies in theworld, especially in Brazil. More researches and new technologies for wateruse in livestock production are indispensable.