Studies in geneticsand breeding of sheep in Brazil have increased significantly in recent years.These involve research in characterization, breeding and crossing sheep usingnew technologies available incorporating both classical quantitative and moleculargenetics. Improvements in statistical techniques, computational resources aswell as analysis of DNA and gaps in present knowledge and opportunities forpossible research are pointed out. There is a need for greater interaction betweenvarious groups working in the country as well as interactions with other disciplinessuch as Geographical Information Systems, Statistics, Bioinformatics, as wellas biological studies such as physiology and proteomics.