Die verband tussen geselekteerde persoonlikheidseienskappe, deelname aan en prestasiebereiking in verskillende tipes sportsoorte

[摘要] ENGLISH SUMMARY: The purpose of this study is to examine common elements and the relationship andinteraction between the optimal level of activation, choice of sport, achievement insport and socialisation agents, and to use the results together with an in-depth literaturestudy, to create a practical sports choice and sports achievement model which can beused as a guideline in sports counselling.An experimental group white, male provincial sportsmen (N =417) who participated invarious sports (bowls [N =30]; cycling [N =45; hockey [N =32]; judo [N =30];marathon running [N=40]; motocross [N=33]; parachuting [N=31]; rugby [N=45];swimming [N=33]; tug-of-war [N=37]; water polo [N=30]; wrestling [N=31] and acontrol group [N =37]) was used in this study.A combined questionnaire which contained demographic information (including birthorder and family size), the Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPI), the ReducerAugmenterScale (RAS) and the Sensation Seeking Scale Form V (SSS Form V) wascompleted by each individual.The three dimensions related to the optimal level of activation show significantcorrelations (sensation seeking and reducing [r=0,624]; sensation seeking andextraversion [r=0,352]; reducing and extraversion [r=0,388]). This indicates acommon basis.The sports groups in the three activation scales (SSS Form V; RAS and EPI) werecompared with one another by one-way variance analysis. On the SSS Form V thesports groups differed significantly from one another (F12 = 13,46). The bowls and tugof-war groups show the lowest scores on the SSS Form V and differ significantly fromthe other sports groups. The water polo and parachuting groups have the highest scoresand differ markedly from the cycling, hockey, judo, marathon running, bowls,wrestling, swimming and tug-of-war groups. The rugby group differs significantlyfrom the marathon running, judo and bowls groups. The marathon running group has asignificantly higher score than the bowls and tug-of-war groups and a markedly loweraverage score than the rugby, motocross, parachuting and water polo groups. Thewrestling, judo and hockey groups show the same trend as the marathon running. groups, which achieved significantly higher and lower scores than the other sportsgroups.On the Reducer-Augmenter Scale (RAS) various sports groups differ significantly fromone another (F12 = 14,85). The tug-of-war, marathon running and bowls groups whichhave the lowest average scores, differ markedly from all the other sports groups. Theparachuting, motocross and water polo groups have the highest scores and differsignificantly from the cycling, marathon running, bowls and tug-of-war groups.On the Eysenck Personality Inventory a number of sports groups differ markedly fromone another (F12=1O,50). The rugby group shows the highest extraversion scores anddiffers significantly from all the other sports groups except the hockey and water pologroups. The last-mentioned two groups which have the seCond and third highest scoreson the extraversion scale, differ markedly from the marthon running, parachuting,motocross, judo, wrestling and bowls groups. The bowls and marathon running groupswhich have the lowest scores for extraversion, differ significantly from the cycling,hockey, rugby, swimming, tug-of-war and water polo groups.First-born are underrepresented in all the sports except cycling, where 58 % participantswere first-born. The parachuting and rugby groups consist of only 10% and 20% firstbornrespectively.The sportsmen come from large families of an average of 3,3 children per family. Thecycling and rugby groups deviate from the pattern with an average of 2,6 and 4,1children per family respectively.As a result of the literature study and the above-mentioned results, a sports choice andsports achievement model was created. The basic elements of this model are geneticphysiological and biochemical activation systems and characteristics on the one hand,and the different socialising factors on the other hand. The genetic physiologicalcharacteristics (Physique, V02 max., et cetera) which are specific prerequisites forsuccess in a particular sport, are regarded as the first basic product of achievement inthat sport. The optimal level of activation which comprises mainly sensation seeking,, regulation of stimulus intensity (augmenting-reducing) and extraversion-intraversion, isseen as the second prerequisite for sports choice, sports participation and sportsachievement. The socialisation agents are the active dimension and changing dynamic elementregarded as the fuel or energy of the total process and model necessary for interest,motivation, association and the learning of skills. By means of the socialisation agentsan individual with basic inherent abilities (Physiological characteristics and biologicalactivation systems) develops into a polished, professional and successful sportsman in aspecific sport.The model could be useful to researchers and sport psychologists in practical groupcounselling, consulation and future research.

[发布机构] Stellenbosch University