'n Evaluering van die volksboukuns van die Swellendam-omgewing

[摘要] ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Swellendam is situated in the eastern part of the Overberg and is bounded by the districtsof Bredasdorp in the south, Caledon and Robertson in the west, Montagu and Ladisrnith inthe north, and Riversdale and Heidelberg in the east. Before colonisation mainly twoKhoikhoi tribes, the Chainouquas and the Hessequas, lived there. Because of thefavourable climate and terrain, the expansion into the interior of the European settlers after1700 happened most rapidly across the Hottentots Holland mountains in the direction ofthe Breede River. On 12 November 1743 a sub-drostdy for the Colonie in de verreafgeleegene districten was founded and a landdrost and heemraad members wereappointed. On 26 October 1747 the Political Council decided to name this districtSwellendam. The drostdy and a number of other buildings were completed by 1747.The pioneers applied in the Swellendam area the methods of building to which they wereaccustomed, which they knew by tradition or to which they had been exposed. The planswhich were employed had either been used by previous generations or appeared widely inthe area. For almost two centuries the elongated wing plan in the form of an I, T, U, L,etcetera was followed at the Cape. In the area studied the T-plan, especially, is mostcommon, with a considerable number of longhouses (I-plan) in which man and beast werelodged under one roof.Kapstyl (roof-truss), clay and stone houses are the three types of homes of which remnantshave been found in the Swellendam area. The kapstyl structure was used as a temporaryhome and also as bam in the area under study. Clay houses were the first more permanentstructures erected in the Swellendam area. These homes were probably built without theassistance of masons, joiners, carpenters and blacksmiths. In this area stone buildings wereprimarily erected at livestock stations and, compared to clay houses, there are fewremnants of stone-built homes.A few combination patterns have been found in the lay-out of outbuildings. Examples ofthese are the stables-and-waggon shed combinations and the stables-waggon shed-kraal, aswell as the stables-waggon shed-hen's nest openings and the slave quarters-milking shedwaggonshed combinations.

[发布机构] Stellenbosch University