Die fabriekswese in stedelike ontwikkeling : 'n institusioneel-ekonomiese perspektief op die Suid-Afrikaanse ervaring

[摘要] ENGLISH ABSTRACT:The historical Apartheid policy caused a lack ofinterest in metropolitan managementin South Africa. Metropolitan management mainly focussed on limiting theaccessibility ofthe non-white population to economic activities in urban areas. Whiteinstitutions directed the intra-urban structure of urban areas to maintain their dominanteconomic, social and political position in the South African community.Increasing urbanization and constitutional changes in South Africa since 1991,together with international theoretical developments, necessitated a reconsiderationof the nature of metropolitan management. For this purpose the objectives ofmetropolitan management were reformulated and industrial location was identified asan instrument in metropolitan management to increase the accessibility to economicactivities. Itwas also determined that the non-establishment of industries intraditionalnon -white urban areas and the long distances between workplace and residential areasin North Gauteng limited the accessibility to non-whites.The New Institutional Approach, which serves as the theoretical starting point in thisstudy, emphasises the role of rival individuals and interest groups in determining theintra-urban structure. An analysis of the role of primarily white individuals andinterest groups, namely the community, the local and central governments, and theindustrial entrepreneur, showed that the local and central governments played adetermining role in establishing the intra-urban structure of the study area. Theapproach of the community and industrial entrepreneurs was mostly directed towardstheir own private interests and the inaccessibility of the study area for non-whitepopulation groups did not concern them.The institutions of the town councillors and officials of the local governmentsoriginated from exogenous institutions which were enforced on local governments fromthe central government and endogenic institutions which derived from a longtradition of urban planning. These institutions do not relate to the realities of theSouth African community and therefore a new institutional framework for decisionmakingon intra-urban structure was needed.Although this study only concerns one metropolitan area, the study area manifests allthe characteristics of a typical Apartheid city in South Africa and the conclusions canbe used in the reformulation of metropolitan management for most areas in SouthAfrica.

[发布机构] Stellenbosch University