Kommunisme, Suid-Afrika en die Koreaanse oorlog 1950 – 1953

[摘要] ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The Cold War was regarded as a struggle between East and West, and was based onideological differences, socialism as opposed to capitalism. Socialism represented adictatorship as opposed to capitalism and democracy. This war was mainly betweenAmerica and Russia and direct confrontation was avoided. Countries worldwide wereinvolved. The Soviet Union's policy of expansionism and the effects of dictatorship couldhave detrimentally effected the free West. Although the Cold War intensified after theSecond World War (SWW), the mistrust between the main roleplayers was already evidentduring the SWW. South Africa's domestic circumstances and policy pertaining tocommunism involved the country in the Cold War.The founding and growth of the Communist Party and communism in South Africaoccurred in phases. After its establishment it was linked to the Comintern, the centralorganisation in Russia. The establishment of socialism here was to be according to certainstrategies. Initially it was a white party and the aim was a white socialist South Africa. Thisapproach was altered by the Comintern. The party was politically on an island. Themembership was also too small. In order to give effect to the revolutionary goal, drasticchanges were necessary. Black people were recruited and co-operation with blackorganisations gained momentum. A socialist black Republic became the focus.The domestic politics since formation of the Union was dominated by whites and drivenmainly by two parties who alternated government until 1948. The one being conservativeand the other more liberal. The 1948 elections won by the conservative National Party(NP) had a profound influence on the internal affairs of the country. Racial discrimination,which already existed, was in line with the policy of a white South Africa where whitesruled and was extended and confirmed by legislation. The aspirations of black people forpolitical and social justice were declined. Separate development of black people was tosatisfy those aspirations. Brown people and Indians would have been dealt with in otheruncertain ways. Communism was rejected and legislation introduced against it. Thedomestic policy based on race and racial division created a more divided society.However, the discrimination attracted resistance from black people who organisedthemselves. In this peroid of growing resistance, communists usurped into blackorganisations.During this oversight period, Korea went through two important moments. The first waswith the internal uprising in the south within the vacuum which was created after Japan, ascolonial ruler of Korea, was forced to surrender during the SWW. The uprising wassuccessfully suppressed. The second was the Korean War. By an earlier agreement it wasdecided that Korea will be divided. America would be entrusted with the management ofthe South, and Russia in the North. With the support of Russia, North Korea invaded andattacked the South with the aim of subjection. With the outbreak of the war North Koreawas communistic and South Korea capitalistic and democratic. Under the auspices of theUNO and the leadership of America this onslaught was successfully fended off. Variouscountries, including South Africa, participated. Participation in the war was primarily basedon the country's internal affairs and the rejection of communism and ...The Korean War was covered by the media in South Africa. For the purpose of this study,discussion of the media coverage is narrowed to that of two Cape daily newspapers. Thecoverage does not deal with any battles, but rather the reason for the war, the attitude ofthe government towards the war, the military personnel and their achievements and thecosts of the war. Lastly, a review of the uncritical reporting of the media and a possibleexplanation.

[发布机构] Stellenbosch University