Lymphogranulomavenereum (LGV) is a sexually transmitted disease (STD) caused by L1, L2 L3 sorovarsof the intracellular bacteria Chlamydia trachomatis. It has endemic featuresin parts of Africa, Asia, South America and Caribbean, and is rare in developedcountries. Meanwhile, many cases were diagnosed, mainly in men who have sexwith men (MSM), in the Netherlands, and since 2004, this disease has been notifiedby other European countries, North America and Australia. This increased incidenceseems like an outbreak and common features in these reports were: MSM, Caucasianrace / ethnicity, mean age above 35 years, predominantly (>70%) co-infectedwith HIV. Complaints included anorectal pain, tenesmus and constipation. Afterthese reports, many countries started doing active research in their people.The lack of a specific diagnostic test has complicated LGV case ascertainment.In the absence of laboratory confirmation of L serovars, patients with symptomssuggestive of LGV should be presumptively treated with antibacterial therapyfor 3 weeks. If routine LGV serovar typing is unavailable, most authors proposedadministration of syndromic LGV treatment for MSM with anorectal chlamydia andeither proctitis detected by proctoscopic examination, more than 10 white bloodcells/high-power field detected on an anorectal smear specimen, or HIV seropositivity.We believed the incidence of LGV is also increasing in Brazil, and new casesare not being diagnosed because the ignorance about this world outbreak. Wesuggest that anal ulcer or proctitis in anal sex practitioners must have a highsuspicious of LGV infection.
