Sleepiness and driving events in shift workers: the impact of circadian and homeostatic factors

[摘要] We aimed to characterize objective and subjective sleepiness and driving events during short work commutes and examine the impact of circadian and homeostatic factors across different shift types in a shift worker population. Thirty-three nurses were monitored for 2 weeks over day (07:00–15:30), evening (13:00–21:30), and night shifts (21:00–07:30). Sleep was measured via daily sleep logs and wrist actigraphy. Driving logs were completed for each work commute, reporting driving events and a predrive Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS). Ocular data from a subset of participants (n = 11) assessed objective sleepiness using infrared oculography during commutes. Circadian phase was assessed at three time points via urinary 6-sulphatoxymelatonin (aMT6s) collected over 24–48 hours. Subjective and objective sleepiness and sleep-related and hazardous driving events significantly increased following night shift compared with preshift. There were significant shift differences with KSS, sleep-related and inattention-related events highest during the postnight shift commute, compared with day and evening shifts. Sleep-related events were highest following the first night shift, while inattention-related events were most frequent after consecutive night shifts. KSS, sleep-related and hazardous events were increased during drives following ≥16 hours of wakefulness. KSS and sleep-related events increased during drives within ±3 hours of aMT6s acrophase. An interaction between homeostatic and circadian processes was observed, with KSS and sleep-related events highest within ±3 hours of acrophase, when wakefulness was ≥16 hours. In naturalistic conditions, subjective and objective sleepiness and driving events are increased following night shifts, even during short (~30 minutes) commutes and exacerbated by an interaction between circadian phase and duration of wakefulness.

[学科分类] 生理学

[关键词] shift work;driving;sleep;wakefulness;homeostatic;circadian;alertness