Transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE): contra-indications, complications and safety of perioperative TOE

[摘要] Transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE) has, in certain clinical situations, become an almost universal monitor and diagnostic tool. In the perioperative environment, TOE is frequently used to guide anaesthetic management and assist with surgical decision

[学科分类] 内科医学

[关键词] echocardiography;transoesophageal echocardiography;transoesophageal echocardiography contra-indications;oesophagectomy;TOE safety