2009 Homer W. Smith Award: Minerals in Motion: From New Ion Transporters to New Concepts

[摘要] The kidneys play a critical role in maintaining the systemic balance of Mg2+ and Ca2+ cations. The reabsorptive capacity of these divalent cations adapt to changes in their plasma concentrations. Active reabsorption of Mg2+ and Ca2+ takes place in the distal convoluted and connecting tubules, respectively, and is initiated by cellular transport through selective transient receptor potential (TRP) channels located along the luminal membrane and modulated by hormonal stimuli. Recent characterization of underlying molecular defects in renal Mg2+ handling illuminate complex transport processes in the kidney and their contribution to the overall mineral balance. Likewise, studies of Ca2+ transport proteins in null mice disclose molecular mechanisms maintaining normal plasma Ca2+ levels and the hypercalciuria-related adaptations important in the prevention of kidney stones. Current knowledge of Mg2+ and Ca2+ transport is summarized here as comprehensive cellular models of the distal nephron.

[学科分类] 泌尿医学