Glycobiology simplified: diverse roles of glycan recognition in inflammation

[摘要] Glycansandcomplementaryglycan‐bindingproteinsareessentialcomponentsinthelanguageofcell‐cellinteractionsinimmunity.Thestudyofglycanfunctionisthepurviewofglycobiology,whichhasoftenbeenpresentedasanunusuallycomplexdiscipline.Infact,thehumanglycome,composedofallofitsglycans,isbuiltprimarilyfromonly9buildingblocksthatarecombinedbyenzymes(writers)withspecificandlimitedbiosyntheticcapabilitiesintoatractableandincreasinglyaccessiblenumberofpotentialglycanpatternsthatarefunctionallyreadbyseveraldozenhumanglycan‐bindingproteins(readers).Nowhereistheimportanceofglycanrecognitionbetterunderstoodthanininfectionandimmunity,andknowledgeinthisareahasalreadyledtoglycanmimeticanti‐infectiveandanti‐inflammatorydrugs.Thisreviewincludesabrieftutorialonhumanglycobiologyandalimitednumberofspecificexamplesofglycan‐bindingprotein‐glycaninteractionsthatinitiateandregulateinflammation.Examplesincluderepresentativesfromdifferentglycan‐bindingproteinfamilies,includingtheC‐typelectins(E‐selectin,P‐selectin,dectin‐1,anddectin‐2),sialicacid‐bindingimmunoglobulin‐likelectins(sialicacid‐bindingimmunoglobulin‐likelectins8and9),galectins(galectin‐1,galectin‐3,andgalectin‐9),aswellashyaluronicacid‐bindingproteins.Asglycosciencetechnologiesadvance,opportunitiesforenhancedunderstandingofglycansandtheirrolesinleukocytecellbiologyprovideincreasingopportunitiesfordiscoveryandtherapeuticintervention...

[学科分类] 生理学

[关键词] selectin;siglec;galectin;lectin;sialic acid;fucose