Wastewater : From Waste to Resource – The Case of Nagpur, India

[摘要] Water stress has become a problem inmost Indian cities, as rapid population growth increasessimultaneously water demand by households, industries, andpower plants. Utilities need to meet this growing demandwhile ensuring fair tariffs for users and promoting asustainable use of water resources. As federal and stategovernments look for innovative alternatives to freshwater,the reuse of treated wastewater is gaining attention andbeing promoted at the federal and state levels. In additionto the environmental, health, and social benefits oftreating wastewater; treated wastewater can become areliable water source for industrial users, freeing upfreshwater resources for households and helping addresswater scarcity in big cities. The government of India hastaken steps to promote wastewater reuse, starting with theregulation of industrial water consumption and the settingand enforcement of mandatory water reuse targets forindustries. The national target is to treat and reuse 50percent of total wastewater by 2022 (PwC 2016). Some citieshave set their own, more ambitious targets, and states suchas Gujarat (Government of Gujarat, 2018) and Maharashtra(IndianExpress, 2017) have implemented new policies topromote wastewater reuse. Moreover, the government of Indiahas adopted policies, established strong mechanisms ofregulation, and provided funding for various programs, suchas the Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission(JNNURM), to enable municipal authorities to enter intopublic-private partnership (PPP) arrangements to attractprivate funding. As a result, municipalities across thecountry have started to implement wastewater reuse projects.Most of these initiatives are led by utilities, throughpartnerships with the private sector, and with the centralgovernment covering part of the capital costs. The successof these projects reveals that wastewater reuse activitiescan be viable if properly structured and supported byenabling policies and institutions.

[发布日期] 2019-12-10 [发布机构] World Bank, Washington, DC

[学科分类] 社会科学、人文和艺术（综合）

[关键词] WASTEWATER;WASTEWATER REUSE;WASTEWATER TREATMENT;THERMAL POWER;WATER SCARCITY