Combating Corruption in Indonesia : Enhancing Accountability for Development

[摘要] Given steady progress in the developmentof democracy - establishment of effective checks onarbitrary rulers, replacement of arbitrary rules with justand honest ones, and, participation of ordinary people inthe making of rules - Indonesia could over time, emerge as astrong functioning democracy. Yet, continued progresstowards a full-fledged democracy cannot be taken forgranted, precisely because the transition to an electedgovernment has been a largely peaceful one, indeed allowedthe powerful interests that dominated the New Order-theformer First Family, the military, and the conglomerates-tocontinue to operate, and indeed flourish in this newenvironment. It is in this context the problem of corruptionin Indonesia must be viewed. This report is an initialoutcome of an ongoing process of rethinking, and learning bythe Bank, on issues of accountability, and corruption inIndonesia. In the aftermath of the financial crisis, andrelated political upheaval, the Bank revisited its entirestrategy towards the country. The report builds on acomprehensive set of diagnostic assessments, and reviews onsome of the main areas where corruption breeds: publicexpenditure and financial management systems, procurement,inter-governmental fiscal relations, the financial sector,forestry and infrastructure, the justice sector, and thecivil service. It also attempts to distill from studies thekey lessons learnt about corruption, and accountability,and, to better understand how corruption works in particularsectors, and processes. The central issue examined in thisreport is why public accountability fails so often, and,after analyzing the context in which anti-corruption effortsmust operate in Indonesia, the report focuses first on threeareas of corruption: the budget, local governments and thegovernment's regulatory functions in selected sectors -banking, electricity and forestry. It then looks at thejustice sector - the police, the prosecutors, the courts andthe Indonesian civil service. Finally, it analyzes howdonors are responding to the challenge of corruption,drawing primarily on the Bank's own experience.

[发布日期] 2003-11-12 [发布机构] Washington, DC

[学科分类] 社会科学、人文和艺术（综合）

[关键词] CORRUPT PRACTICES;CORRUPTION IN POLITICS;DEMOCRATIZATION;FINANCIAL CRISES;POLITICAL FACTORS