Microdomains in the membrane landscape shape antigen‐presenting cell function

[摘要] Theplasmamembraneofimmunecellsisahighlyorganizedcellstructurethatiskeytotheinitiationandregulationofinnateandadaptiveimmuneresponses.Itiswell‐establishedthatimmunoreceptorsembeddedintheplasmamembranehaveanonrandomspatialdistributionthatisimportantforcouplingtocomponentsofintracellularsignalingcascades.Inthelasttwodecades,specializedmembranemicrodomains,includinglipidraftsandTEMs,havebeenidentified.Thesedomainsarepreformedstructures(“physicalentities”)thatcompartmentalizeproteins,lipids,andsignalingmoleculesintomultimolecularassemblies.InAPCs,differentmicrodomainscontainingimmunoreceptors(MHCproteins,PRRs,integrins,amongothers)havebeenreportedthatareimperativeforefficientpathogenrecognition,theformationoftheimmunologicalsynapse,andsubsequentTcellactivation.Inaddition,recentworkhasdemonstratedthattetraspaninmicrodomainsandlipidraftsareinvolvedinBCRsignalingandBcellactivation.Researchintothemolecularmechanismsunderlyingmembranedomainformationisfundamentaltoacomprehensiveunderstandingofmembrane‐proximalsignalingandAPCfunction.Thisreviewwillalsodiscusstheadvancesinthemicroscopyfieldforthevisualizationoftheplasmamembrane,aswellastherecentprogressintargetingmicrodomainsasnovel,therapeuticapproachforinfectiousandmalignantdiseases...

[学科分类] 生理学

[关键词] B cell antigen receptor;major histocompatibility complex class II;pattern recognition receptor;tetraspanin;signal transduction