At the Bench: Understanding group 2 innate lymphoid cells in disease

[摘要] Theconventionalparadigmoftype2inflammatoryresponsesischaracterizedbyactivationofCD4+Th2cellsthatproduceIL‐4,IL‐5,andIL‐13,resultingintissueeosinophilinfiltration,mucusmetaplasia,AHR,andIgEproduction.However,therecentdiscoveryofILC2sinmiceandhumanshasbroughtforthanovelpathwayintype2immunitythatmayworkindependentof,orinconcertwith,adaptiveTh2responses.ILC2sweredescribedinitiallyaslineage‐negativelymphocytesthatproducehighlevelsofTh2cytokinesIL‐5andIL‐13inresponsetoIL‐25andIL‐33andpromoteprotectionagainsthelminthinfections.Morerecentinvestigationshaveidentifiednovelupstreamregulators,aswellasnovelILC2products.ILC2sarefoundinmucosalsurfaces,includingrespiratorytractandskin,andstudiesfromexperimentalasthmaandatopicdermatitismodelssupportaroleforILC2sinpromotingtype2inflammatoryresponses.TherearemanyunansweredquestionsabouttheroleofILC2sinchronicallergicdiseases,includinghowILC2sorupstreampathwayscanbetargetedfortherapy.AsILC2sarenotantigenspecificandmaybeactivatedafterexposurestoavarietyofinfectiousagentsandirritantsthoughttocontributetorespiratoryandskindiseases,futurestrategiestotargetILC2functioninhumandiseasemaybepromising.OurintentistoidentifypriorityareasforILC2translationalresearchbasedonbasicresearchinsights...

[学科分类] 生理学

[关键词] ILC2;allergy;asthma;atopic dermatitis